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Exercsie and Physiology Information Athletic
Conditioning
Coaches used to focus strictly on
the fundamental components of fitness including muscular endurance,
muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility and body
composition. Today more and more fitness professionals are applying
functional training methods to enhance their sport conditioning
programs. Shifting the emphasis from training muscles in isolation
to muscles in movement patterns and taking into consideration
energy systems stressed and the psychological aspects of athletics.
As I like to say everything helps everything, but the closer the
training program is to the demands of an athletes sport the great
their improvements in fitness will translate to that athlete’s
performance in their sport. This is the essence of sport specific
training. When it comes to athletic conditioning three aspects
of training that should be emphasized above general health and
fitness programs are: Bioenergetics of Athletics, Psychology of
Athletic Performance, and Appropriate Testing. -Energy stored in the chemical bonds
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to power human movement.
The replenishment of ATP in human skeletal muscle is accomplished
by three basic energy systems. -All three energy systems are active at any given time. The extent to which each contributes to supply energy depends on intensity and duration.
0-6sec
Very intense Phosphagen Shot Put Energy System Training Using Intervals % of Max Power Primary Energy System
Exercise Time Exercise:Rest Ratio Psychology
of Athletic Performance The Ideal Performance State Influence of Arousal on Performance Task Complexity – simple skills can tolerate a higher degree of arousal and attention narrowing because they have fewer task-relevant cues to monitor. The more complex the skill is the lower the level of arousal is required to attain the optimal level of performance. Personality – extroverts are sensory reducers so they need more arousal; introverts are sensory augmenters so they need less arousal.Trait Anxiety – is a personality characteristic, which represents a latent disposition to perceive situations as threatening. The athlete with low trait anxiety can handle higher levels of pressure because of the decreased probability of engaging in task-irrelevant thoughts. Athletes should use arousal reduction techniques when performing a new skill or one that is complex in nature, and use arousal enhancement techniques when executing simple skills or ones that are well learned. The purpose of using such techniques is to allow the athlete to perform with an unburdened mind while matching his/her mental and physical intensities to the demands of the task. Appropriate
Testing Energy Systems – a valid test must emulate the energy requirements of the sport for which ability is being assessed. Sport Specific – the more similar the test is to an important movement in the sport the better. Experience and Training Status –
for a well trained, experienced athlete a technique intensive
test may be appropriate, but poor technique will impair a less
trained athlete’s performance of that test. Environmental Factors – environment must be considered when selecting and administering tests. Aerobic endurance test scores will be lower in a hot, humid climate compared to the same test at a comfortable temp. Sequence of Tests Reference: Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 2d ed., by National Strength and Conditioning Association, T.R. Baechle and R.W. Earle (eds.), 2000, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Applied Knowledge
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